Minnesota Valley National Wildlife Refuge — a national wildlife refuge in Dakota County, Minnesota — is a popular subject for landscape photographers. It sits roughly 5.8 km (3.6 mi) ESE of Richfield.
The Minnesota Valley National Wildlife Refuge is a 14,000-acre (5,666-hectare) National Wildlife Refuge in eastern and central Minnesota. Located just south of the city of Minneapolis, it is one of fourteen Regional Priority Urban Wildlife Refuges in the nation. Many parts of the refuge are near large establishments of Minneapolis–Saint Paul; the Bloomington Education and Visitor Center and two trailheads are located just blocks from the Mall of America, the Wilkie Unit is just east of Valleyfair, and the Louisville Swamp Unit is just south of the Minnesota Renaissance Festival.From the Wikipedia article “Minnesota Valley National Wildlife Refuge”, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0.
Sunrise & sunset directions
At Minnesota Valley National Wildlife Refuge the sunrise point swings a long way through the year: about 55° (NE) at the June solstice and 123° (ESE) in late December. Sunset moves from 305° (NW) in June to 237° (WSW) in December, and the midday sun climbs to 69° in summer but only 22° in winter.
| Date | Sunrise | Azimuth | Sunset | Azimuth | Noon sun | Daylight |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| March equinox (Mar 20) | 7:17 AM | 90° E | 7:25 PM | 271° W | 45° | 12h 08m |
| June solstice (Jun 21) | 5:27 AM | 55° NE | 9:03 PM | 305° NW | 69° | 15h 36m |
| September equinox (Sep 22) | 7:01 AM | 89° E | 7:12 PM | 271° W | 45° | 12h 12m |
| December solstice (Dec 21) | 7:48 AM | 123° ESE | 4:35 PM | 237° WSW | 22° | 8h 47m |
Azimuth is measured clockwise from true north (90° = east, 270° = west). Computed for 2026; values change by less than a degree from year to year.
Golden hour & blue hour by month
Wildlife is most active in the first and last two hours of daylight — exactly when the light is warmest.
| Month (15th) | Blue hour starts | Sunrise | Golden hour ends | Golden hour starts | Sunset | Blue hour ends | Daylight |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| January | 7:15 AM | 7:48 AM | 8:34 AM | 4:12 PM | 4:58 PM | 5:31 PM | 9h 10m |
| February | 6:44 AM | 7:15 AM | 7:56 AM | 5:00 PM | 5:41 PM | 6:11 PM | 10h 27m |
| March | 6:57 AM | 7:26 AM | 8:05 AM | 6:40 PM | 7:19 PM | 7:48 PM | 11h 53m |
| April | 5:58 AM | 6:29 AM | 7:08 AM | 7:19 PM | 7:58 PM | 8:29 PM | 13h 29m |
| May | 5:11 AM | 5:45 AM | 6:28 AM | 7:53 PM | 8:35 PM | 9:09 PM | 14h 50m |
| June | 4:50 AM | 5:27 AM | 6:12 AM | 8:16 PM | 9:01 PM | 9:39 PM | 15h 35m |
| July | 5:06 AM | 5:42 AM | 6:25 AM | 8:13 PM | 8:57 PM | 9:33 PM | 15h 16m |
| August | 5:44 AM | 6:16 AM | 6:56 AM | 7:40 PM | 8:21 PM | 8:53 PM | 14h 05m |
| September | 6:23 AM | 6:52 AM | 7:31 AM | 6:47 PM | 7:26 PM | 7:55 PM | 12h 33m |
| October | 6:59 AM | 7:29 AM | 8:09 AM | 5:50 PM | 6:30 PM | 6:59 PM | 11h 01m |
| November | 6:39 AM | 7:11 AM | 7:55 AM | 4:01 PM | 4:46 PM | 5:17 PM | 9h 35m |
| December | 7:11 AM | 7:45 AM | 8:33 AM | 3:45 PM | 4:33 PM | 5:07 PM | 8h 49m |
Local time (America/Chicago), including daylight saving time. Golden hour runs from about −4° to +6° solar altitude, so the morning golden hour begins during blue hour, before sunrise.
Milky Way & night sky
From Minnesota Valley National Wildlife Refuge, the Milky Way core is visible in a dark sky from April through September. June gives the longest window (about 3.3 hours on a moonless night), and the core peaks around 16° above the southern horizon. Our light-pollution model puts the sky at about Bortle 7 (suburban / urban transition), so expect visible sky glow; drive away from towns for better results.
| Month | Core visible (15th) | Hours | Max altitude | Direction |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| January | Below 10° in darkness | — | -4° | — |
| February | Below 10° in darkness | — | 7° | — |
| March | 5:17 AM – 5:37 AM | 0.3 | 12° | SSE → SSE |
| April | 3:15 AM – 4:35 AM | 1.3 | 16° | SSE → S |
| May | 1:12 AM – 3:32 AM | 2.3 | 16° | SSE → S |
| June | 11:31 PM – 2:51 AM | 3.3 | 16° | SSE → SSW |
| July | 11:16 PM – 1:36 AM | 2.3 | 16° | S → SSW |
| August | 10:15 PM – 11:35 PM | 1.3 | 15° | SSW → SSW |
| September | 9:06 PM – 9:36 PM | 0.5 | 12° | SSW → SSW |
| October | Below 10° in darkness | — | 7° | — |
| November | Below 10° in darkness | — | -3° | — |
| December | Below 10° in darkness | — | -20° | — |
Window when the galactic core is at least 10° high during astronomical darkness on the 15th of each month. Pick nights within a few days of the new moon. Plan exact nights with the Milky Way planner.
Estimated sky darkness: 7 Bortle 7 — Suburban / urban transition. The whole sky has a grey-white glow; the Milky Way is invisible to the eye. Modeled zenith brightness ≈ 18.59 mag/arcsec². Aurora needs roughly Kp 4.5+ to show low on the northern horizon here.
Weather & best season
Long-term NASA satellite data for this area show July as the clearest month (about 46% average cloud cover) and December as the cloudiest (69%). July is the warmest month and January the coldest, which matters for gear, snow access and how long batteries last at night.
Average cloud cover (%)
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High °F | 50 | 61 | 80 | 89 | 96 | 96 | 107 | 100 | 96 | 87 | 78 | 61 |
| Low °F | -37 | -27 | -23 | 4 | 24 | 41 | 46 | 43 | 32 | 12 | -4 | -24 |
| Precip. (in) | 0.6 | 1.1 | 1.7 | 3.1 | 4.1 | 4.8 | 3.5 | 3.7 | 3.4 | 2.3 | 1.2 | 1.2 |
Monthly climatology for the surrounding 1° grid cell from NASA POWER (MERRA-2). Mountain sites can be colder and cloudier than the cell average.
Photography tips for this national wildlife refuge
- Fast shutter speeds (1/2000 s+) freeze wingbeats; raise ISO rather than lose the shot.
- Migration peaks bring the largest concentrations — see the birding calendar for this state.
- Use auto-loop roads as mobile blinds; animals often tolerate vehicles more than people on foot.
- Stay on designated routes and keep a respectful distance — if an animal changes behavior, you are too close.
- Bring a spare battery — cold weather and long exposures drain them fast.
Season: Spring and autumn migration are the highlights; winter brings waterfowl to many southern refuges.
Suggested gear: Telephoto lens (400 mm+), Bean bag for car window, Binoculars. Work out exposures with the depth of field, ND filter and NPF rule calculators.
Permits, drones & access
Drones: Launching or landing drones on National Wildlife Refuge lands generally requires a special use permit from the refuge manager, and wildlife disturbance rules apply everywhere.
Nearby photo spots
Other locations within 40 km of Minnesota Valley National Wildlife Refuge, closest first.
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LakeFAQ
When is the best time to photograph Minnesota Valley National Wildlife Refuge?
What time is golden hour at Minnesota Valley National Wildlife Refuge?
Where does the sun rise and set at Minnesota Valley National Wildlife Refuge?
Can you see the Milky Way from Minnesota Valley National Wildlife Refuge?
Do you need a permit to photograph at Minnesota Valley National Wildlife Refuge?
How far is Minnesota Valley National Wildlife Refuge from Richfield?
Sources
Location data: Wikidata, Wikipedia. Sun, moon and Milky Way times are computed by LWPhoto Atlas for 2026. Climate: NASA POWER. Sky darkness is a population-based estimate (Walker's law), not a measurement. See data sources & licenses.