Buffalo Lake National Wildlife Refuge is a national wildlife refuge in Benson County, North Dakota. The nearest town is Harvey, about 28 km (17 mi) away (Buffalo Lake National Wildlife Refuge lies NNE of town).
Buffalo Lake National Wildlife Refuge (North Dakota) is a National Wildlife Refuge in Pierce County, North Dakota. It is managed under J. Clark Salyer National Wildlife Refuge. This is a limited-interest national wildlife refuge. The FWS has an easement on private property allowing it to manage wildlife habitat, but the land remains private property. There is no public access except from adjacent public roads. Limited-interest refuges were created in the 1930s and 1940s in response to declining waterfowl populations and the need to get people back to work during the Great Depression. Many landowners sold easements allowing the federal government to regulate water levels and restrict hunting.From the Wikipedia article “Buffalo Lake National Wildlife Refuge (North Dakota)”, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0.
Sunrise & sunset directions
At Buffalo Lake National Wildlife Refuge the sunrise point swings a long way through the year: about 53° (NE) at the June solstice and 126° (SE) in late December. Sunset moves from 308° (NW) in June to 235° (SW) in December, and the midday sun climbs to 65° in summer but only 19° in winter.
| Date | Sunrise | Azimuth | Sunset | Azimuth | Noon sun | Daylight |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| March equinox (Mar 20) | 7:43 AM | 89° E | 7:52 PM | 271° W | 42° | 12h 09m |
| June solstice (Jun 21) | 5:41 AM | 53° NE | 9:43 PM | 308° NW | 65° | 16h 03m |
| September equinox (Sep 22) | 7:27 AM | 89° E | 7:39 PM | 271° W | 42° | 12h 12m |
| December solstice (Dec 21) | 8:27 AM | 126° SE | 4:49 PM | 235° SW | 19° | 8h 22m |
Azimuth is measured clockwise from true north (90° = east, 270° = west). Computed for 2026; values change by less than a degree from year to year.
Golden hour & blue hour by month
Wildlife is most active in the first and last two hours of daylight — exactly when the light is warmest.
| Month (15th) | Blue hour starts | Sunrise | Golden hour ends | Golden hour starts | Sunset | Blue hour ends | Daylight |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| January | 7:50 AM | 8:25 AM | 9:16 AM | 4:23 PM | 5:14 PM | 5:49 PM | 8h 49m |
| February | 7:15 AM | 7:47 AM | 8:31 AM | 5:18 PM | 6:02 PM | 6:34 PM | 10h 15m |
| March | 7:23 AM | 7:53 AM | 8:35 AM | 7:04 PM | 7:45 PM | 8:16 PM | 11h 51m |
| April | 6:18 AM | 6:51 AM | 7:32 AM | 7:48 PM | 8:29 PM | 9:02 PM | 13h 39m |
| May | 5:24 AM | 6:02 AM | 6:47 AM | 8:26 PM | 9:12 PM | 9:49 PM | 15h 10m |
| June | 4:59 AM | 5:40 AM | 6:29 AM | 8:53 PM | 9:41 PM | 10:23 PM | 16h 01m |
| July | 5:17 AM | 5:56 AM | 6:43 AM | 8:49 PM | 9:36 PM | 10:15 PM | 15h 40m |
| August | 6:01 AM | 6:35 AM | 7:18 AM | 8:12 PM | 8:55 PM | 9:29 PM | 14h 20m |
| September | 6:46 AM | 7:17 AM | 7:58 AM | 7:13 PM | 7:54 PM | 8:25 PM | 12h 37m |
| October | 7:28 AM | 7:59 AM | 8:42 AM | 6:10 PM | 6:52 PM | 7:24 PM | 10h 53m |
| November | 7:13 AM | 7:47 AM | 8:35 AM | 4:15 PM | 5:03 PM | 5:37 PM | 9h 17m |
| December | 7:47 AM | 8:23 AM | 9:17 AM | 3:54 PM | 4:47 PM | 5:24 PM | 8h 24m |
Local time (America/Chicago), including daylight saving time. Golden hour runs from about −4° to +6° solar altitude, so the morning golden hour begins during blue hour, before sunrise.
Milky Way & night sky
From Buffalo Lake National Wildlife Refuge, the Milky Way core is visible in a dark sky from April through July. June gives the longest window (about 1.3 hours on a moonless night), and the core peaks around 13° above the southern horizon. Our light-pollution model puts the sky at about Bortle 1 (excellent dark-sky site), which is excellent for astrophotography.
| Month | Core visible (15th) | Hours | Max altitude | Direction |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| January | Below 10° in darkness | — | -6° | — |
| February | Below 10° in darkness | — | 5° | — |
| March | Below 10° in darkness | — | 9° | — |
| April | 4:15 AM – 4:45 AM | 0.5 | 12° | SSE → SSE |
| May | 2:17 AM – 3:27 AM | 1.2 | 13° | SSE → S |
| June | 12:56 AM – 2:16 AM | 1.3 | 13° | SSE → S |
| July | 12:22 AM – 1:22 AM | 1.0 | 13° | S → SSW |
| August | 11:00 PM – 11:20 PM | 0.3 | 11° | SSW → SSW |
| September | Below 10° in darkness | — | 9° | — |
| October | Below 10° in darkness | — | 4° | — |
| November | Below 10° in darkness | — | -4° | — |
| December | Below 10° in darkness | — | -20° | — |
Window when the galactic core is at least 10° high during astronomical darkness on the 15th of each month. Pick nights within a few days of the new moon. Plan exact nights with the Milky Way planner.
Estimated sky darkness: 1 Bortle 1 — Excellent dark-sky site. The Milky Way casts faint shadows; zodiacal light and airglow are obvious. Modeled zenith brightness ≈ 21.93 mag/arcsec². Aurora needs roughly Kp 3.5+ to show low on the northern horizon here.
Weather & best season
Long-term NASA satellite data for this area show July as the clearest month (about 47% average cloud cover) and November as the cloudiest (67%). July is the warmest month and January the coldest, which matters for gear, snow access and how long batteries last at night.
Average cloud cover (%)
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High °F | 47 | 51 | 77 | 82 | 90 | 101 | 103 | 102 | 100 | 83 | 67 | 47 |
| Low °F | -47 | -35 | -33 | 1 | 15 | 37 | 44 | 37 | 26 | 11 | -13 | -31 |
| Precip. (in) | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 1.3 | 3.0 | 4.1 | 2.6 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 1.4 | 0.6 | 0.7 |
Monthly climatology for the surrounding 1° grid cell from NASA POWER (MERRA-2). Mountain sites can be colder and cloudier than the cell average.
Photography tips for this national wildlife refuge
- A 400–600 mm lens (or a crop body) is the usual tool for birds.
- Fast shutter speeds (1/2000 s+) freeze wingbeats; raise ISO rather than lose the shot.
- Migration peaks bring the largest concentrations — see the birding calendar for this state.
- Use auto-loop roads as mobile blinds; animals often tolerate vehicles more than people on foot.
- Stay on designated routes and keep a respectful distance — if an animal changes behavior, you are too close.
- Check road and trail conditions with the managing agency before you go.
Season: Spring and autumn migration are the highlights; winter brings waterfowl to many southern refuges.
Suggested gear: Telephoto lens (400 mm+), Bean bag for car window, Binoculars. Work out exposures with the depth of field, ND filter and NPF rule calculators.
Permits, drones & access
Drones: Launching or landing drones on National Wildlife Refuge lands generally requires a special use permit from the refuge manager, and wildlife disturbance rules apply everywhere.
Nearby photo spots
Other locations within 40 km of Buffalo Lake National Wildlife Refuge, closest first.
National Wildlife RefugeNational Wildlife RefugeFAQ
When is the best time to photograph Buffalo Lake National Wildlife Refuge?
What time is golden hour at Buffalo Lake National Wildlife Refuge?
Where does the sun rise and set at Buffalo Lake National Wildlife Refuge?
Can you see the Milky Way from Buffalo Lake National Wildlife Refuge?
Do you need a permit to photograph at Buffalo Lake National Wildlife Refuge?
How far is Buffalo Lake National Wildlife Refuge from Harvey?
Sources
Location data: Wikidata, Wikipedia. Sun, moon and Milky Way times are computed by LWPhoto Atlas for 2026. Climate: NASA POWER. Sky darkness is a population-based estimate (Walker's law), not a measurement. See data sources & licenses.