Located in Door County, Wisconsin, Gravel Island National Wildlife Refuge is a national wildlife refuge. The nearest town is Menominee, about 50 km (31 mi) away (Gravel Island National Wildlife Refuge lies ENE of town).
Gravel Island National Wildlife Refuge is a National Wildlife Refuge located off the Door Peninsula in Wisconsin. Founded in 1913, the refuge consists of two Lake Michigan islands that act as nesting grounds for native bird species. It is inhabited by large colonies of shore birds and waterfowl in addition to hosting a pair of great black-backed gulls, one of farthest westward breeding sites of the species.From the Wikipedia article “Gravel Island National Wildlife Refuge”, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0.
Sunrise & sunset directions
At Gravel Island National Wildlife Refuge the sunrise point swings a long way through the year: about 55° (NE) at the June solstice and 124° (ESE) in late December. Sunset moves from 306° (NW) in June to 237° (WSW) in December, and the midday sun climbs to 68° in summer but only 21° in winter.
| Date | Sunrise | Azimuth | Sunset | Azimuth | Noon sun | Daylight |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| March equinox (Mar 20) | 6:52 AM | 90° E | 7:00 PM | 271° W | 45° | 12h 08m |
| June solstice (Jun 21) | 5:01 AM | 55° NE | 8:40 PM | 306° NW | 68° | 15h 39m |
| September equinox (Sep 22) | 6:36 AM | 89° E | 6:47 PM | 271° W | 45° | 12h 12m |
| December solstice (Dec 21) | 7:25 AM | 124° ESE | 4:09 PM | 237° WSW | 21° | 8h 44m |
Azimuth is measured clockwise from true north (90° = east, 270° = west). Computed for 2026; values change by less than a degree from year to year.
Golden hour & blue hour by month
Wildlife is most active in the first and last two hours of daylight — exactly when the light is warmest.
| Month (15th) | Blue hour starts | Sunrise | Golden hour ends | Golden hour starts | Sunset | Blue hour ends | Daylight |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| January | 6:51 AM | 7:24 AM | 8:11 AM | 3:45 PM | 4:32 PM | 5:05 PM | 9h 08m |
| February | 6:20 AM | 6:50 AM | 7:32 AM | 4:34 PM | 5:16 PM | 5:46 PM | 10h 25m |
| March | 6:32 AM | 7:01 AM | 7:40 AM | 6:15 PM | 6:54 PM | 7:23 PM | 11h 53m |
| April | 5:33 AM | 6:04 AM | 6:43 AM | 6:54 PM | 7:34 PM | 8:04 PM | 13h 30m |
| May | 4:45 AM | 5:19 AM | 6:02 AM | 7:29 PM | 8:11 PM | 8:46 PM | 14h 52m |
| June | 4:23 AM | 5:01 AM | 5:46 AM | 7:53 PM | 8:38 PM | 9:16 PM | 15h 37m |
| July | 4:39 AM | 5:15 AM | 6:00 AM | 7:49 PM | 8:34 PM | 9:10 PM | 15h 18m |
| August | 5:18 AM | 5:50 AM | 6:31 AM | 7:16 PM | 7:57 PM | 8:29 PM | 14h 07m |
| September | 5:58 AM | 6:27 AM | 7:06 AM | 6:22 PM | 7:01 PM | 7:31 PM | 12h 34m |
| October | 6:35 AM | 7:04 AM | 7:45 AM | 5:24 PM | 6:04 PM | 6:34 PM | 11h 00m |
| November | 6:15 AM | 6:47 AM | 7:32 AM | 3:35 PM | 4:20 PM | 4:52 PM | 9h 33m |
| December | 6:47 AM | 7:21 AM | 8:10 AM | 3:18 PM | 4:07 PM | 4:41 PM | 8h 46m |
Local time (America/Chicago), including daylight saving time. Golden hour runs from about −4° to +6° solar altitude, so the morning golden hour begins during blue hour, before sunrise.
Milky Way & night sky
From Gravel Island National Wildlife Refuge, the Milky Way core is visible in a dark sky from April through August. June gives the longest window (about 3.2 hours on a moonless night), and the core peaks around 16° above the southern horizon. Our light-pollution model puts the sky at about Bortle 2 (typical truly dark site), which is excellent for astrophotography.
| Month | Core visible (15th) | Hours | Max altitude | Direction |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| January | Below 10° in darkness | — | -4° | — |
| February | Below 10° in darkness | — | 7° | — |
| March | 4:53 AM – 5:13 AM | 0.3 | 12° | SSE → SSE |
| April | 2:52 AM – 4:12 AM | 1.3 | 15° | SSE → S |
| May | 12:51 AM – 3:01 AM | 2.2 | 16° | SSE → S |
| June | 11:13 PM – 2:23 AM | 3.2 | 16° | SSE → SSW |
| July | 10:56 PM – 1:06 AM | 2.2 | 16° | S → SSW |
| August | 9:53 PM – 11:03 PM | 1.2 | 15° | SSW → SSW |
| September | 8:42 PM – 9:02 PM | 0.3 | 12° | SSW → SSW |
| October | Below 10° in darkness | — | 7° | — |
| November | Below 10° in darkness | — | -3° | — |
| December | Below 10° in darkness | — | -20° | — |
Window when the galactic core is at least 10° high during astronomical darkness on the 15th of each month. Pick nights within a few days of the new moon. Plan exact nights with the Milky Way planner.
Estimated sky darkness: 2 Bortle 2 — Typical truly dark site. The summer Milky Way shows rich structure; clouds look like black holes in the stars. Modeled zenith brightness ≈ 21.88 mag/arcsec². Aurora needs roughly Kp 4.0+ to show low on the northern horizon here.
Weather & best season
Long-term NASA satellite data for this area show September as the clearest month (about 61% average cloud cover) and November as the cloudiest (75%). August is the warmest month and February the coldest, which matters for gear, snow access and how long batteries last at night.
Average cloud cover (%)
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High °F | 43 | 42 | 52 | 53 | 63 | 73 | 79 | 79 | 74 | 68 | 59 | 52 |
| Low °F | -4 | -7 | -3 | 16 | 31 | 37 | 49 | 54 | 44 | 35 | 18 | 10 |
| Precip. (in) | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 3.1 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 3.6 | 4.1 | 2.8 | 2.4 |
Monthly climatology for the surrounding 1° grid cell from NASA POWER (MERRA-2). Mountain sites can be colder and cloudier than the cell average.
Photography tips for this national wildlife refuge
- Use auto-loop roads as mobile blinds; animals often tolerate vehicles more than people on foot.
- Stay on designated routes and keep a respectful distance — if an animal changes behavior, you are too close.
- A 400–600 mm lens (or a crop body) is the usual tool for birds.
- Fast shutter speeds (1/2000 s+) freeze wingbeats; raise ISO rather than lose the shot.
- Scout in daylight if you plan to shoot at night or before sunrise.
Season: Spring and autumn migration are the highlights; winter brings waterfowl to many southern refuges.
Suggested gear: Telephoto lens (400 mm+), Bean bag for car window, Binoculars. Work out exposures with the depth of field, ND filter and NPF rule calculators.
Permits, drones & access
Drones: Launching or landing drones on National Wildlife Refuge lands generally requires a special use permit from the refuge manager, and wildlife disturbance rules apply everywhere.
Nearby photo spots
Other locations within 40 km of Gravel Island National Wildlife Refuge, closest first.
Wilderness Area
Dark Sky Place
Sand DunesSand Dunes
Lighthouse
Lighthouse
Lighthouse
Lighthouse
National Wildlife RefugeFAQ
When is the best time to photograph Gravel Island National Wildlife Refuge?
What time is golden hour at Gravel Island National Wildlife Refuge?
Where does the sun rise and set at Gravel Island National Wildlife Refuge?
Can you see the Milky Way from Gravel Island National Wildlife Refuge?
Do you need a permit to photograph at Gravel Island National Wildlife Refuge?
How far is Gravel Island National Wildlife Refuge from Menominee?
Sources
Location data: Wikidata, Wikipedia. Sun, moon and Milky Way times are computed by LWPhoto Atlas for 2026. Climate: NASA POWER. Sky darkness is a population-based estimate (Walker's law), not a measurement. See data sources & licenses.