Located in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, Pawtucket Falls is a waterfall. It lies in or next to Lowell National Historical Park, so park hours, fees and rules apply. It sits roughly 2.1 km (1.3 mi) NW of Lowell. Its recorded drop is about 32 m (105 ft).
Pawtucket Falls is a waterfall on the Merrimack River at Lowell, Massachusetts. The waterfall and rapids below it drop a total of 32 feet in a little under a mile, and was an important fishing ground for the Pennacook Indians in pre-colonial times.From the Wikipedia article “Pawtucket Falls (Massachusetts)”, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0.
Sunrise & sunset directions
At Pawtucket Falls the sunrise point swings a long way through the year: about 57° (ENE) at the June solstice and 122° (ESE) in late December. Sunset moves from 304° (NW) in June to 238° (WSW) in December, and the midday sun climbs to 71° in summer but only 24° in winter.
| Date | Sunrise | Azimuth | Sunset | Azimuth | Noon sun | Daylight |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| March equinox (Mar 20) | 6:50 AM | 90° E | 6:58 PM | 271° W | 47° | 12h 08m |
| June solstice (Jun 21) | 5:08 AM | 57° ENE | 8:27 PM | 304° NW | 71° | 15h 19m |
| September equinox (Sep 22) | 6:33 AM | 89° E | 6:45 PM | 271° W | 48° | 12h 11m |
| December solstice (Dec 21) | 7:13 AM | 122° ESE | 4:15 PM | 238° WSW | 24° | 9h 02m |
Azimuth is measured clockwise from true north (90° = east, 270° = west). Computed for 2026; values change by less than a degree from year to year.
Golden hour & blue hour by month
Waterfalls photograph best in soft, even light: overcast days, deep shade, or the hour after sunrise before direct sun hits the water. Bright sun on white water blows highlights and adds harsh contrast.
| Month (15th) | Blue hour starts | Sunrise | Golden hour ends | Golden hour starts | Sunset | Blue hour ends | Daylight |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| January | 6:42 AM | 7:13 AM | 7:57 AM | 3:53 PM | 4:37 PM | 5:08 PM | 9h 24m |
| February | 6:14 AM | 6:43 AM | 7:23 AM | 4:38 PM | 5:17 PM | 5:46 PM | 10h 34m |
| March | 6:30 AM | 6:58 AM | 7:36 AM | 6:15 PM | 6:52 PM | 7:20 PM | 11h 53m |
| April | 5:35 AM | 6:05 AM | 6:43 AM | 6:49 PM | 7:27 PM | 7:57 PM | 13h 22m |
| May | 4:52 AM | 5:24 AM | 6:05 AM | 7:20 PM | 8:01 PM | 8:33 PM | 14h 37m |
| June | 4:33 AM | 5:08 AM | 5:51 AM | 7:43 PM | 8:26 PM | 9:01 PM | 15h 18m |
| July | 4:48 AM | 5:21 AM | 6:03 AM | 7:40 PM | 8:22 PM | 8:56 PM | 15h 01m |
| August | 5:22 AM | 5:53 AM | 6:32 AM | 7:10 PM | 7:49 PM | 8:19 PM | 13h 56m |
| September | 5:57 AM | 6:26 AM | 7:03 AM | 6:20 PM | 6:57 PM | 7:25 PM | 12h 31m |
| October | 6:30 AM | 6:59 AM | 7:37 AM | 5:26 PM | 6:05 PM | 6:33 PM | 11h 06m |
| November | 6:07 AM | 6:38 AM | 7:20 AM | 3:42 PM | 4:24 PM | 4:54 PM | 9h 46m |
| December | 6:37 AM | 7:09 AM | 7:55 AM | 3:28 PM | 4:13 PM | 4:45 PM | 9h 04m |
Local time (America/New York), including daylight saving time. Golden hour runs from about −4° to +6° solar altitude, so the morning golden hour begins during blue hour, before sunrise.
Milky Way & night sky
From Pawtucket Falls, the Milky Way core is visible in a dark sky from March through September. June gives the longest window (about 4.0 hours on a moonless night), and the core peaks around 18° above the southern horizon. Our light-pollution model puts the sky at about Bortle 8 (city sky), so expect visible sky glow; drive away from towns for better results.
| Month | Core visible (15th) | Hours | Max altitude | Direction |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| January | Below 10° in darkness | — | -4° | — |
| February | Below 10° in darkness | — | 9° | — |
| March | 4:26 AM – 5:16 AM | 0.8 | 15° | SSE → SSE |
| April | 2:29 AM – 4:19 AM | 1.8 | 18° | SSE → S |
| May | 12:30 AM – 3:20 AM | 2.8 | 18° | SSE → S |
| June | 10:42 PM – 2:42 AM | 4.0 | 18° | SSE → SSW |
| July | 10:31 PM – 1:21 AM | 2.8 | 18° | S → SSW |
| August | 9:37 PM – 11:27 PM | 1.8 | 18° | S → SSW |
| September | 8:33 PM – 9:23 PM | 0.8 | 15° | SSW → SSW |
| October | Below 10° in darkness | — | 9° | — |
| November | Below 10° in darkness | — | -2° | — |
| December | Below 10° in darkness | — | -19° | — |
Window when the galactic core is at least 10° high during astronomical darkness on the 15th of each month. Pick nights within a few days of the new moon. Plan exact nights with the Milky Way planner.
Estimated sky darkness: 8 Bortle 8 — City sky. Only bright constellations are visible; the sky glows orange or white. Modeled zenith brightness ≈ 18.25 mag/arcsec². Aurora needs roughly Kp 5.5+ to show low on the northern horizon here.
Weather & best season
Long-term NASA satellite data for this area show September as the clearest month (about 51% average cloud cover) and May as the cloudiest (64%). July is the warmest month and January the coldest, which matters for gear, snow access and how long batteries last at night.
Average cloud cover (%)
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High °F | 64 | 65 | 75 | 86 | 89 | 93 | 98 | 100 | 97 | 86 | 72 | 67 |
| Low °F | -12 | -15 | -3 | 18 | 31 | 40 | 50 | 50 | 41 | 22 | 10 | -4 |
| Precip. (in) | 3.1 | 3.7 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 3.7 | 4.5 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 4.8 | 3.9 | 4.4 |
Monthly climatology for the surrounding 1° grid cell from NASA POWER (MERRA-2). Mountain sites can be colder and cloudier than the cell average.
Photography tips for this waterfall
- A circular polarizer cuts glare on wet rocks and leaves and deepens greens — rotate it while watching the rocks, not the sky.
- Spring snowmelt and the days after heavy rain give the strongest flow; late summer flow can drop to a trickle.
- Look for a foreground: a mossy boulder, a fallen log or the creek's leading lines make a stronger frame than the falls alone.
- Keep a microfiber cloth handy — spray drifts onto the lens, especially at the plunge pool.
- Bracket shutter speeds: 1/8 s, 1/2 s and 2 s give very different water textures and you can choose later.
- Scout in daylight if you plan to shoot at night or before sunrise.
Season: Peak flow is usually in late spring; autumn adds color around the falls, and winter can bring ice formations at colder locations.
Suggested gear: Tripod, Circular polarizer, 3–6 stop ND filter, Lens cloth, Waterproof footwear. Work out exposures with the depth of field, ND filter and NPF rule calculators.
Permits, drones & access
National Park Service rules. Under federal law (54 U.S.C. 100905), still photography in National Park Service areas needs a permit only when it (1) takes place where members of the public are not allowed, (2) uses models, sets or props that are not part of the location's natural or cultural resources or administrative facilities, or (3) would cause the park to incur additional administrative costs to monitor the activity. Ordinary visitor and most landscape photography needs no permit. Commercial filming rules are separate and have changed in recent years — confirm current requirements with the park before a paid shoot.
Drones: Launching, landing or operating unmanned aircraft (drones) is prohibited in National Park Service units under a 2014 Superintendent's closure (36 CFR 1.5), except where a park has issued specific written approval. Flying from outside the boundary over park land can also violate park rules and disturb wildlife.
Nearby photo spots
Other locations within 25 km of Pawtucket Falls, closest first.
State Park
Waterfall
State Park
State Park
State Park
Mountain Peak
Mountain Peak
Covered Bridge
LakeFAQ
When is the best time to photograph Pawtucket Falls?
What time is golden hour at Pawtucket Falls?
Where does the sun rise and set at Pawtucket Falls?
Can you see the Milky Way from Pawtucket Falls?
Do you need a permit to photograph at Pawtucket Falls?
How far is Pawtucket Falls from Lowell?
Sources
Location data: Wikidata, USGS GNIS / GeoNames, Wikipedia. Sun, moon and Milky Way times are computed by LWPhoto Atlas for 2026. Climate: NASA POWER. Sky darkness is a population-based estimate (Walker's law), not a measurement. See data sources & licenses.